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PATENTED DEC. 18, 1906.

U.'G. FERNALD, STEAM TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG.16,1906.

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PATENTED DEC. 18, 1906';

U. G. FERN ALB. STEAM TURBINE. APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 16,1906.

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8 W W W UNITED STATES PATENT I OFFICE.

STEAM-TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 18, 1906.

Application filed August 16,1906. Serial No. 330,910.

To all whom, it my concern:

Be it known that I, ULYSSES GRANT FER- NALD, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Camden, in the county of Knox, State of Maine, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Rotary Motors of theSteam-Turbine Type, of which the following is a specification, referencebeing had therein to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is aside elevation, partly in sec tion; Fig. 2, a front elevation, part ofthe motor-casing being broken away; Fig. 3, a vertical longitudinalsectional view of the motor; Figs. 4 and 5, views of opposite sides ofthe disk member of the motor; Fig. 6, a view of the motor, part of theouter casing being broken away; Figs. 7 and 8, elevations of the twoparts of the cylindrical member of the motor; Fig. 9, a side elevation,partly in section, of a slightly different form of one of the drivenmembers of the motor; and Fig. 10, a sectional view taken on the line :ca of Fig.9.

One of the main objects of the invention is to provide a simplereversible rotary motor adapted to be driven by an expansive fluid underpressure. I

A further object of the invention is to provide such a motor wherein twodriven members or parts are employed, said parts being each mounted uponan independent shaft and adapted to be rotated in opposite directionsunder the pressure of the expanding fluid, means being provided wherebythe power of these oppositely-rotating shafts will be transmitted to amain driving-shaft.

Another object of the invention is to so construct the motor that it maybe used with any 'expansive fluid under pressure, which will be simplein construction, easily operated, and in which the driven members willbe so mounted as to be nicely balanced and capable of high speed.

Referring to the various parts by reference-numerals, 1 designates themain frame of the motor, which is formed with bearings 2 to receive theshafts of the driven members of the motor. To the forward end of thisframe is secured a two-part casing 3, which is adapted to contain themotor members. The driven members of the motor consist of the outercylindrical member 4 and the inner disk member 5. The cylindrical memberconsists of two circular parts 4 and 4 which are screwed to ether, as at4, and this member is adapted to contain and inclose disk member 5.'

The cylindrical member is mounted upon the forward end of a tubularshaft 6 and of course is within the casing 3. The disk member 5 ismounted upon the forward end of shaft 7, which fits within the tubularshaft 6. The disk member 5 is provided on each of its faces with threeannular rows of blades, the blades 8 being on the rear face of said diskand the blades 8 being on the forward side thereof. These blades areslightly curved from their inner toward their outer edges andare notradial. The blades of the inner rows are arranged closer together thanthe blades of the outer rows, and the inclination of the blades withrespect to a radial line is least in the inner rows and greatest in theouter rows, the inclination varying from the said inner rows to theoutermost rows, and the distance between the blades in the various rowsis increased uniformly from said inner rows to the outer rows. Theblades 8 and 8 correspond identically in the number of blades, thenumber of rows of blades, and the varying inclination between the bladesof each row, the only difference being that the blades 8 incline in adirection opposite to the inclination of the blades 8, as shown clearlyin Figs. 4 and 5, in order that when expansive fluid is directed againstone set of blades its force will rotate the disk in one direction, andwhen it is directed against the other set of blades it will rotate thedisk in the opposite direction.

The parts 4 and 4 of the cylindrical member are provided on their innersurfaces with annular rows of blades 9 and 9, the rows of blades 9 lyingbetween the rows of blades 8 on the disk 5 and the rows of blades 9 1 gbetween the rows of blades 8* onsaid isk.

The annular rows of blades 9 and 9 correspond to the adjoining blades onthe disk. It is obvious that the expansive fluid which is directedagainst the innermost row of blades 8 or 8 will in its outward courseengage the innermost row of blades 9 or 9 and then pass outward to thenext outer row of blades, and so on through all the series. By incliningthe blades 9 and 9 in a direction opposite to the inclination of theadjoining blades of the disk it is obvious that the cylinder 4 will bedriven in a direction opposite to the rotation of the disk. It willtherefore be seen that the expansive fluid will act directly upon tworotating members and that said members will be driven in oppositedirections.

The parts 4 and 4 of the cylindrical memflange 12 at its forward end.This flange lies within a chamber 13, formed in a forwardextendingenlargement ld on the front side of the casing 3. Within thisdelivery-tube is arranged a second tube 15, smaller in di- "ameter thanthe interior of the deliverytube, except at its enlarged ends, so thatsaid second tube forms a chamber 16, which is closed at its ends anddoes not communicate with the interior of the delivery-tube. The

'saiddelivery-tube is formed with perforations ,15 and 15.

Perforations 15 and 15 communicate with the passage 16,

' and perforations 15 being near the extreme inner end of thedelivery-tube, communicate with the interior of said tube. Theperforations 15 are adapted to deliver fluid under pressure to theinnermost row of blades 8 of i the disk, while the perforations 15deliver -passage 21 opens into chamber 13.

fluid under pressure to the innermost row of blades 8, as clearly shownin Fig. 3 of the drawings. The perforations 15 communicate with anannular chamber 17, and the forward end of the delivery-tube is in opencommunication with the chamber 13. Fluid under pressure is admittedthrough deliverypipe 18 and is controlled by a three-way valve 19,suitably mounted in the casing. One of the ports of said valve isadapted to place the delivery-pipe in communication with a passage 20,which is connected to chamber 17, and said valve in its other positionis adapted to place passage 21 in communication with the delivery-pipe,and said The three-way valve 19 is provided with an operating-handle 22,and suitable indicatingmarks 23 and 23 are provided on the outer 1 sideof the casing to enable the operator to properly place the valve fordelivering motive fluid to either chamber 13 or to-chamber 17, accordingto the direction which he desires to give to the driving-shaft. Theexpansive fluid is exhausted from the casing 3 through the exhaust-pipe2 1.

- As shown in the drawings, if the handle 22 is moved toward the left tothe mark 23 the motive fluid will be delivered from the pipe 18 throughpassage 20 into the chamber 17 and from there through chamber 16 to theisonly necessary to move the operating-handle 22 toward the right to apoint 23*. This will so place the valve that the motive fluid will bedelivered into chamber 13, and from there it will pass through tube 15and perforations 15 to the innermost row of blades 8 and thence insuccession through the rows of blades 8 on the disk and 9 on thecylindrical member, thereby driving the disk and the cylindrical memberin directions opposite to the movements given them by the motive fluidimpinging on the blades 8 and 9 The supporting-frame is provided with anoil-chamber 25, surrounding the shaft 6, and the shaft 6 is providedwith perforations 26, through which the oil may pass to the inner shaft7. The shaft 7 is provided with a reduced portion 27 within the shaft 7to form an oil-chamber within said shaft. It is obvious that oil fromthe shaft 7 will pass outward to the perforations 26 and shaft 6 to thebearings 2. is secured a belt-pulley 28, and on the rear end of shaft 7is secured a belt-pulley 29. Near the bottom of the supporting-frame themain driving-shaft 30 is mounted in suitable bearings, said shaft beingprovided with a driving-pulley 31. Said driving-pulley is locatedbetween the standards 1: and 1 of the supporting-frame, the shaft 30being mounted in suitable bearings formed in said standards. Thesestandards are preferably hollow to form oil-reservoirs, suitable meansbeing provided whereby said oil may pass to the bearings of the mainshaft. Pulleys 32 are mounted on the end of the driving-shaft, and saidpulleys are connected by belts 33 and 33" to the pulleys on the shafts 6and 7. The belt 33 is crossed, as shown in Fig. 1, in order that the twobelts will work to drive the main shaft 30 in the same direction.

This is necesssary, because the pulleys 28 and 29 are driven in oppositedirections, the pulley 29 being rotated by the disk 5 and the pulley 28by the cylindrical part 4.

It will be noted that the delivery-tube 11 forms a bearing for theforward part of the cylindrical member4 and also as a support for thedisk 5, said tube rotating with the disk 5 and maintaining it inalinement and preventing any undue lateral vibration thereof.

The forward end of chamber 13 is closed by a screw-plug 13', so that thedeliverytube may be easily reached and, if desired, unscrewed from thedisk 5. When this is done, the entire forward side of the casing 3 Onthe rear end of shaft 6 Having thus fully described my invention, what Iclaim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A rotary motor comprising a casing, two rotary members within saidcasing, one of said members being in cylindrical form and the otherbeing in disk form and within the cylindrical member, annular rows ofdriving-blades on both sides of the disk member, annular rows ofdriving-blades carried bythe cylindrical member on each of its sides,said driving-blades fitting between the rows of blades on the diskmember, the blades on opposite sides of the disk member being inclinedin opposite directions, and the blades on the cylindrical member beinginclined in a direction opposite to the inclination of the blades on theadjoining side of the disk member, shafts for the disk member and thecylindrical member, and powertransmitting devices connected to saidshafts, a delivery-tube connected to the disk and provided withapertures at its inner end to deliver the motor fluid to theinner sideof the disk, and with apertures to deliver the fluid to the outer sideof said disk, and means for independently controlling the flow of fluidto said apertures, whereby the direction of rotation of the members maybe controlled.

2. A rotary motor comprising a casing, two rotatable members therein,one of said members being a disk and the other a cylinder, the diskbeing within the cylinder, a plurality of annular rows of driving-bladeson each side of said disk, a plurality of annular rows of blades on theinner side of each face of the cylindrical member, said rows of bladesfitting in between the rows on the disk, a delivery-tube connected tothe disk and provided with apertures at its inner side to deliver themotive fluid to the inner side of the disk and with apertures to deliverfluid to the outer side of said disk, an inner tube within saiddelivery-tube and separating the apertures at the inner end of the tubefrom those adapted to deliver fluid to the outer side of said disk, andasingle valve adapted to deliver motive fluid within the inner tube or tothe delivery-tube, whereby said fluid may be directed against the vaneson the inner side of the disk or against those on the outer side of saiddisk, to control the direction of rotati on of the two rotatablemembers.

3. A rotary motor comprising a casing, two rotatable members therein,one of said members being a disk and the other a cylinder, the diskbeing within the cylinder, a plurality of annular rows of driving-bladeson each side of said disk, a plurality of annular rows of blades on theinner side of each face of the cylindrical member, said rows of bladesfitting in between the rows on the disk, means for admitting motivefluid on either side of the disk, near the center thereof, whereby thefluid will pass outward through the various rows of blades, and a valvefor controlling the admission of said motive fluid, a tubular shaft forthe cylindrical member formed with perforations therein, a shaft for thedisk member within said tubular shaft and formed with a reduced portionto form an oil-well, means for supplying oil around the perforated partof the tubular shaft, and power-transmitting devices connected to theshafts.

4. A rotary motor comprising a casing, two rotatable members therein,one of said members being a disk and the other a cylinder, the diskbeing within the cylinder, a plurality of annular rows of driving-bladeson each side of said disk, a plurality of annular rows of blades on theinner side of each face of the cylindrical member, said rows of bladesfitting in between the rows on the disk, a delivery-tube connected tothe disk and provided with apertures at its inner end to deliver themotive fluid to the inner side of the disk, and with apertures todeliver, the fluid to the outer side of said disk, said tube serving asa support for said disk and for the forward side of the cylindricalpart, and a valve controlling a supply of motive fluid to the tube.

5. A rotary motor comprising a casing and a base or support, tworotatable members within the casing, means for driving said members inopposite directions, shafts for said members, one of said shafts beingwithin the other, the outer shaft being perforated to permit oil to passto the inner shaft, and the inner shaft having a reduced portion to forman oil-well, oil-reservoirs formed in the base surrounding theshaft-bearings to supply oil around the perforated shaft, a drivingshaftmounted in said base, and power-transmitting devices connecting the twodriven shafts to said driving shaft, whereby the power from both of thedriven shafts will be transmitted to the driving-shaft to rotate saidshaft in one direction. A

In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signature, in the presence oftwo witnesses, this 14th day of August, 1906.

ULYSSES GRANT FERNALD.

Witnesses:

M. T. CRAWFORD, GEO. H. TALBOT.

ITO

